Online Group-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Career Anxiety and Coping Strategy in Final Year Undergraduate Students
Kata Kunci:
Career Anxiety, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Coping Strategy, Online Group TherapyAbstrak
COVID-19 pandemic and transition period from college to work life makes final year students vulnerable to career anxiety. This study aims to describe the process of conducting online group-based CBT intervention during COVID-19 transition period to help final year undergraduate students reduce career anxiety and maladaptive coping strategies. CBT modules administered online in five sessions for one subject group (n = 6). Participants selected based on a high average score of Career Anxiety Scale and final year undergraduate students who have completed their final project. Mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative design) used for data sampling (pre-test, post-test, and follow-up). The results showed a significant difference of participants' career anxiety scores over time with F(2.10) = 4.694, p = 0.037. However, there was no significant difference of online group-based CBT on participants' coping strategy scores over time with F(2.10) = 1.608, p = 0.248 for adaptive coping and F(2.10) = 1.914, p = 0.198 for maladaptive coping. Qualitative evaluation showed participants were able to understand more about themselves and implement necessary strategies to reduce their career anxiety. This research suggested that online group-based CBT can reduce career anxiety for final year undergraduate students during COVID-19 transition period. However, more specific interventions are needed to target changes in adaptive & maladaptive coping strategies.
Referensi
Achmad, F. R., Sukohar, A., & Saftarina, F. (2019). Perbedaan Derajat Kecemasan Antara Mahasiswa Tahap Akademik Tingkat Awal dengan Tingkat Akhir di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Lampung. Jurnal Medula, 9(1).
Alveal, M., & Barraza, C. G. (2015). Psychometric properties of the Brief Cope in Chilean population exposed to highly stressful events. [Thesis, Universidad de las Américas].
Arnett, J. J. (2004). Emerging Adulthood: The Winding Road from The Late Teens Through The Twenties. Oxford University Press.
Atmadja, P. (2013). Hubungan Kontrol Diri dengan Kecemasan dalam Menghadapi Dunia Kerja Pada Mahasiswa Semeter Akhir Jurusan Pendidikan Matematika dan Bahasa Inggris STKIP PGRI Ngawi. Media Prestasi, 12(1).
Azhari, T., & Mirza, M. (2017). Hubungan Regulasi Diri dengan Kecemasan Menghadapi Dunia Kerja pada Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir Universitas Syiah Kuala. MEDIAPSI, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.mps.2016.002.02.4.
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2022, Mei 9). Februari 2022: Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka (TPT) sebesar 5,83 persen dan Rata-rata upah buruh sebesar 2,89 juta rupiah per bulan. Retrieved from Badan Pusat Statistik: https://www.bps.go.id/pressrelease/2022/05/09/1915/februari-2022--tingkat-pengangguran-terbuka--tpt--sebesar-5-83-persen.html
Balbeid, M., Rachmawati, Y. L., Ningrum, H. M., & Wibowo, M. A. (2021). Hubungan tingkat kecemasan (anxiety) dokter gigi dengan kesiapan praktik kembali di masa transisi pandemi COVID-19 di Indonesia (Studi Pendahuluan). E-Prodenta Journal of Dentistry 5(2) 470-479, http://doi.org/10.21776/ub.eprodenta.2021.005.02.3.
Beck, A. T. (1976). Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. International Universities Press.
Berger-Gross, V., Kahn, M. W., & Weare, C. R. (1983). The role of anxiety in the career decision making of liberal arts students. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 22, 312-323.
Bernard, H., Burlingame, G., Flores, P., Greene, L., Joyce, A., Kobos, J. C., . . . & Feirman, D. (2008). Clinical practice guidelines for group psychotherapy. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 58(4), 455–542, https://doi.org/10.1521/ijgp.2008.58.4.455.
Bluestein, D. L., & Phillips, S. D. (1988). Individual and contextual factors in career exploration. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 33, 213-216.
Bluestein, D. L., Prezioso, M. S., & Schultheiss, D. P. (1995). Attachment theory and career development: Current status and future directions. The Counseling Psychologist, 23(3), 416-432.
Carver, C. S. (1997). You want to measure coping but your protocol's too long: consider the brief COPE. Int J Behav Med. 4(1), 92-100. https:// 10.1207/s15327558ijbm0401_6. PMID: 16250744.
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1994). Situational coping and coping dispositions in a stressful transaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(1), 184–195. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.66.1.184.
Chowdhury, U., Suvro, M. A., Farhan, S. M., & Uddin, M. J. (2022). Depression and stress regarding future career among university students during COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS ONE 17(4), https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266686.
CNBC Indonesia. (2022, September 6). Aturan Terbaru PPKM Jabodetabek: WFO, Ngemal, hingga Bioskop. Retrieved from CNBC Indonesia : https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20220906070929-4-369540/aturan-terbaru-ppkm-jabodetabek-wfo-ngemal-hingga-bioskop
Corey, G. (2012). Case Approach to Counseling and Psychotherapy 9th Edition. Cengage Learning.
Cully, J. A., & Teten, A. L. (2008). A Therapist's Guide to Brief Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Department of Veterans Affairs South Central MIRECC.
Curtiss, J. E., Levine, D. S., Ander, I., & Baker, A. W. (2021). Cognitive-Behavioral Treatments for Anxiety and Stress-Related Disorders. Focus (American Psychiatry Publication, 19(2),184-189. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.focus.20200045.
Daniels, L. M., Stewart, T. L., Stupnisky, R. H., Perry, R. P., & LoVerso, T. (2011). Relieving career anxiety and indecision: The role of undergraduate students' perceived control and faculty affiliations. Social Psychology of Education, 14(3), 409-426. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-010-9151-x.
Wulandari, T. (2021). Belajar Tatap Muka di Berbagai Negara selama Pandemi, Malaysia sampai Swiss. Retrieved from Detikedu: https://www.detik.com/edu/sekolah/d-5634456/belajar-tatap-muka-di-berbagai-negara-selama-pandemi-malaysia-sampai-swiss
Fenn, K., & Byrne, M. (2013). The key principles of cognitive behavioural therapy. InnovAiT, 6(9), 579-585, https://doi.org/10.1177/1755738012471029
Flansburg, J. D. (2011). Using cognitive behavioral techniques to reduce career indecision. VECAP Journal Fall , 7(2), 27-37.
Germeijs, V., Verschueren, K., & Soenens, B. (2006). Indecisiveness and high school students' career decision-making process: Longitudinal associations and the mediational role of anxiety. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53, 397-410.
Hanim, L.M. & Ahlas, S. (2020). Orientasi masa depan dan kecemasan menghadapi dunia kerja pada mahasiswa. Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi. https://doi.org/10.29080/jpp.v11i1.362
Hirsch, C. R., Beale, S., Grey, N., & Liness, S. (2019). Approaching Cognitive Behavior Therapy For Generalized Anxiety Disorder From A Cognitive Process Perspective. Front. Psychiatry 10(796), https://10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00796.
Hunt, P. F., Boyd, V. S., Gast, L. K., Mitchell, A., & & Wilson, W. (2012). Why Some Students Leave College During Their Senior Year. Journal of College Student Development, 53(5), 737-742, doi:10.1353/csd.2012.0068.
Kompas. (2021, Juli 27). Sulit Cari Kerja di Tengah Pandemi, "Fresh Graduate" Lakukan Ini. Retrieved from Kompas.com: https://edukasi.kompas.com/read/2021/07/27/170000171/sulit-cari-kerja-di-tengah-pandemi-fresh-graduate-lakukan-ini?page=all
Kreig, D. B. (2012). High expectations for higher education? Perception of college and experiences of stress prior to and through the college career. College Student Journal, 635-643 .
Law, A. K., Amundson, N. E., & Alden, L. E. (2014). Helping highly anxious clients embrace chaos and career uncertainty using cognitive behavioural techniques. Australian Journal of Career Development, Vol. 23(1), 29-36, https://doi.org/10.1177/1038416213517371.
Lazarus, R. S. (1993). Coping theory and research: past, present, and future. Psychosom Med, 55(3), 234-47, https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-199305000-00002.
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, Appraisal and Coping. New York: Springer.
Long, C. (2014). The Senior Year Transition. University of Nebraska.
Mandeville, M. Y. (1993). The effect of communication on career decision making anxiety. The Annual Meeting of The Speech Communication Association . Florida.
Maulidya, W., & Lubis, Z. (2017). Pengaruh pemberian layanan konseling kelompok pendekatan rational emotive therapy teknik live model terhadap kecemasan karir mahasiswa BK Reguler A 2015. Jurnal Psikologi Konseling, Vol. 11, No.2, 14-27.
Menteri Dalam Negeri RI. (2022). Instruksi Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 35 Tahun 2022. Retrieved from covid19.go.id: https://covid19.go.id/artikel/2022/07/06/instruksi-menteri-dalam-negeri-nomor-35-tahun-2022#:~:text=Instruksi%20Menteri%20Dalam%20Negeri%20Nomor,2022%20%7C%20Covid19.go.id&text=Tentang%20Pemberlakuan%20Pembatasan%20Kegiatan%20Masyarakat,di%20Wilayah%20Jawa%20dan%20Bali.
Meyer, B. (2001). Coping with severe mental illness: Relations of the Brief COPE with symptoms, functioning, and well-being. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 23(4), 265–277.
Mirah, F. F., & Indianti, W. (2018). Pengaruh kecemasan karir terhadap commitment to career choice dengan kelekatan orangtua sebagai moderator. Jurnal Psikologi Insight, 2(1), 74-89.
Munadhillah. (2016). Hubungan antara optimisme dan efikasi diri pengambilan keputusan karir pada mahasiswa tingkat akhir Universitas Indonesia. [Skripsi, Universitas Indonesia].
Muqarrama, R., Razak, A., & Hamid, H. (2022). Fenomena kecemasan karir pada mahasiswa tingkat akhir di era disrupsi 4.0. Sultra Educational Journal, 2(1), 29-33.
Nadira, A. (2013). Hubungan Antara Penerimaan Diri dan Kecemasan Menghadapi Masa Depan Pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Indonesia. [Skripsi, Universitas Indonesia].
Nurjanah, A. S. (2018). Kecemasan mahasiswa fresh graduate dalam melamar pekerjaan . Al-Ilttizaan: Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling Islam, 1(2), 35-38.
O'Hare, M. M., & Tamburri, E. (1986). Coping as a moderator of the relation between anxiety and career decision making. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 33(3), 255–264, https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.33.3.255.
Park, K., Woo, S., Park, K., Kyea, J., & Yang, E. (2016). The mediation effects of career exploration on the relationship between trait anxiety and career indecision. Journal of Career Development, 1, 1-13.
Pisarik, C. T., Rowell, P. C., & Thompson, L. K. (2017). A phenomenological study of career anxiety among college students. The Career Development Quarterly, 65, 339-352.
Rahmadani, R., & Sahrani, R. (2021). The Role of Stress During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Future Career Anxiety of Final-Year Students. Proceedings of the International Conference on Economics, Business, Social, and Humanities (ICEBSH 2021) (pp. 979-984). Atlantis Press.
Rahmah, S. (2021). Peran Moderasi Strategi Coping dalam Hubungan antara Kecemasan Karier dan Kebimbangan dalam Keputusan Karier pada Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. [Tesis, Universitas Indonesia]
Ramdhani, R. N., Amin, B., & Budiman, N. (2019). Adaptabilitas karir dewasa awal. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan, 361-370.
Schuster, R., Pokorny, R., Berger, T., Topooco, N., & Laireiter, A. R. (2018). The Advantages and Disadvantages of Online and Blended Therapy: Survey Study Amongst Licensed Psychotherapists in Austria. J Med Internet Res, 20(12), https://doi.org/10.2196/11007
Sengkey, S. B. (2019). Studi deskriptif kecemasan mahasiswa dalam menghadapi kelulusan. Jurnal Forum Pendidikan, 15(2) 109-113.
Shin, Y., & Lee, J. (2019). Self-Focused Attention and Career Anxiety: The Mediating Role of Career Adaptability. The Career Development Quarterly, https://doi.org/10.1002/cdq.12175.
Spielberger, C. H. (1983). The state-trait anxiety inventory. In I. McDowell, Measuring Health: A Guide to Rating Scale and Questionnaires. Oxford University Press.
Thai, M. (2014). The development and validation of a scale of career anxiety. Northwestern University.
Turmuzi, M., Haji Dasing, A. S., Baidowi, & Junaidi. (2021). Analisis kesulitan belajar mahasiswa secara online (E-learning) selama masa pandemi COVID-19. Edukatif: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Vol.3, No.3 , 900-910.
van Dis, E. A., van Veen, S. C., Hagenaars, M. A., Batelaan, N. M., Bockting, C. L., van den Heuvel, R. M., . . . Engelhard, I. M. (2020). Long-term Outcomes of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety-Related Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(3), 265-273, https://doi.org/ 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.3986.
Weinstein, F. M., Healy, C. C., & Ender, P. B. (2002). Career choice anxiety, coping, and perceived control . The Career Development Quarterly, 50, 339-349.
Westbrook, D., Kennerley, H., & Kirk, J. (2011). An Introduction to Cognitive Behaviour Therapy: Skills and Applications. SAGE Publications.
Wolgensinger, L. (2015). Cognitive behavioral group therapy for anxiety: recent developments. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 17(3), 347–351, https://doi.org/ 10.31887/DCNS.2015.17.3/lwolgensinger
Yalom, I., & Leszcz, M. (2015). The Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy 5th edition. Basic Books.
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Hak Cipta (c) 2024 Aminah Trikusumaningrum, Adhityawarman Menaldi
Artikel ini berlisensiCreative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
