Adaptive Leadership Scale (Skala Kepemimpinan Adaptif) Construction for Leaders in Indonesia
Keywords:
Adaptive Leadership, Leader, Multi Generation, Work ForceAbstract
The workforce is becoming more diversified, with four to five different generations working together. Indonesia's workforce nowadays contains 16 to 69 years old. There will be new challenges brought on by this variety, notably in terms of leadership skills. Leaders must be able to adapt and change their leadership style based on employee characteristics. However, no currently available leadership scale can identify an adaptive and flexible leader. Thus, an adaptive leadership scale is needed to address this issue. Adaptive Leadership Scale consists of 8 dimensions with 66 items using a Likert scale of 1 (totally different from me,) to 5 (very much like me). It was tested on 124 participants aged 22 to 54 years consisting of 63 male participants (M-age=30.3) and 61 female participants (M-age=29.5) who are leaders at various leadership levels and occupations. This paper described the preliminary validity and reliability test results of this scale. The results show that the Skala Kepemimpinan Adaptif is reliable (a = 0.955) and valid (CrIT = 0.203 - 0.613). In conclusion, the Skala Kepemimpinan Adaptif can be used to assess the adaptability of Indonesian leaders in their leadership. Discussion, implications, and suggestions are included.
References
Anastasi, A., & Urbina, S. (1997). Psychological testing (7th ed.). Prentice Hall.
Anjani, S. A., Triwahyuni, A., & Kadiyono, A. L. (2021). Adaptasi alat ukur Emotional Leadership untuk mengukur kapabilitas kecerdasan emosional pimpinan perusahaan di Indonesia. Jurnal Psikogenesis, 9(1), 104-115. https://doi.org/10.24854/jps.v9i1.1647
Cohen, R. J., Swerdlik, M. E., & Sturman, E. D. (2013). Psychological testing and assessment: An introduction to tests and measurement (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill
Coulter, J. S., & Faulkner, D. C. (2014). The multigenerational workforce. Professional Case Management, 19(1), 46–51.doi:10.1097/ncm.0000000000000008
Dancey, C. P., & Reidy, J. (2007). Statistics without maths for Psychology. Pearson Education.
Daniëls, E., Hondeghem, A., & Dochy, F. (2019). A review on leadership and leadership development in educational settings. Educational Research Review, 27, 110-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2019.02.003
Danley, K. (2020). Leading multigenerational workforce: Leveraging the skill sets of each cohort. Dissertation [Walden University]. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=9545&context=dissertation
Gemeda, H. K., & Lee, J. (2020). Leadership styles, work engagement and outcomes among information and communications technology professionals: A cross-national study. Heliyon, 6(4), e03699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03699
Hantoosh, A. A. (2021). Flexible leadership and its role in achieving organizational success among educational leaders. PalArch’s Journal of Archeology of Egypt/Egyptology, 18(1), 3574-3591. https://archives.palarch.nl/index.php/jae/article/view/5489/5408
Hoch, L., & Bentolila, D. (2021). Maimonides: Flexible leadership. Open Journal of Leadership, 10(1), 27-38. doi: 10.4236/ojl.2021.101002
Lai, F. Y., Tang, H. C., Lu, S. C., Lee, Y. C., & Lin, C. C. (2020). Transformational leadership and job performance: The mediating role of work engagement. SAGE Open, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019899085
Linkedin. (2022). Global Talent Trends 2022: The Reinvention of Company Culture. https://business.linkedin.com/talent-solutions/global-talent-trends
Jensen, U. T., Andersen, L. B., Bro, L. L., Bøllingtoft, A., Eriksen, T. L. M., Holten, A.-L., Jacobsen, C. B., Ladenburg, J., Nielsen, P. A., Salomonsen, H. H., Westergård-Nielsen, N., & Würtz, A. (2019). Conceptualizing and measuring transformational and transactional leadership. Administration & Society, 51(1), 3–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399716667157
Kogan M. (2007) Human Resources Management: Bridging the Gap. http://www.govexec.com/features/0901/ 0901sl.htm
Melinda, T., Antonio, T., & Christina, C. (2020). Confirmatory analysis of servant leadership dimension to Indonesian academic leader. Journal of Applied Management, 18(4), 730-740, http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jam.2020.018.04.12
Oliver, L. (2017, December 12). The countries where people are working beyond 65. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/12/chart-of-the-day-where-people-are-working-beyond-65/
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2017). Pension at a glance 2017: OECD and G20 indicators.. https://doi.org/10.1787/pension_glance-2017-en
Setiawan, C., & Oktavianti, T. I. (2019). The future of work for the Asian youth country profile: Indonesia. Konrad Adenauer Stiftung. Retrived from https://www.kas.de/documents/287213/8314289/Indonesia+Country+Profile.pdf/db945ffb-4c35-031f-c1f8-c176581f402e?version=1.0&t=1608518633600
Stanley, D. (2010). Multigenerational workforce issues and their implications for leadership in nursing. Journal of Nursing Management, 18(7), 846-852, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2834.2010.01158.x
Tazkiyah, F., Ihsan, H., & Musthofa, M. (2020). Prophetic Leadership Scale’s validation and the tendency of normative response. Jurnal Psikologi Islam dan Budaya, 3(2), 147-158. https://doi.org/10.15575/jpib.v3i2.5770
Vincent-Höper, S., Muser, C., Janneck, M. (2012). Transformational leadership, work engagement, and occupational success. Career Development International, 17(7), 663–682. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620431211283805
Yadav, R., Ahlawat, P., Gorver, A., Shikha, S. T., & Thapa, S.. (2022). Leadership style and multigenerational workforce: The right leadership at the right time. Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, 32(3). 30170-03179.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Shahnaz Safitri, Brendha Christie Tanujaya
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
