Proceeding Series of Psychology is a proceeding published by the Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Airlangga. Proceeding Series of Psychology was published for the first time in 2023. Proceeding Series of Psychology aims to disseminate knowledge and as a forum for researchers and practitioners in publishing research results. Articles in this proceeding have a variety of topics ranging from health, education, social, and industrial-organizational fields with a scientific basis, namely psychology. Proceeding Series of Psychology is published in Bahasa Indonesia.
Online Group-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Career Anxiety and Coping Strategy in Final Year Undergraduate Students
COVID-19 pandemic and transition period from college to work life makes final year students vulnerable to career anxiety. This study aims to describe the process of conducting online group-based CBT intervention during COVID-19 transition period to help final year undergraduate students reduce career anxiety and maladaptive coping strategies. CBT modules administered online in five sessions for one subject group (n = 6). Participants selected based on a high average score of Career Anxiety Scale and final year undergraduate students who have completed their final project. Mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative design) used for data sampling (pre-test, post-test, and follow-up). The results showed a significant difference of participants' career anxiety scores over time with F(2.10) = 4.694, p = 0.037. However, there was no significant difference of online group-based CBT on participants' coping strategy scores over time with F(2.10) = 1.608, p = 0.248 for adaptive coping and F(2.10) = 1.914, p = 0.198 for maladaptive coping. Qualitative evaluation showed participants were able to understand more about themselves and implement necessary strategies to reduce their career anxiety. This research suggested that online group-based CBT can reduce career anxiety for final year undergraduate students during COVID-19 transition period. However, more specific interventions are needed to target changes in adaptive & maladaptive coping strategies.
Copyright (c) 2024 Aminah Trikusumaningrum, Adhityawarman Menaldi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Self-Efficacy, Self-Regulated Learning, and Student Academic Achievement in the Post Pandemic Era: A Literature Review
Purpose: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the online learning system has been used worldwide, including in Indonesia. However, there seemed to be prolonged effects of this method, which lasted for almost two years during the pandemic, to students’ motivation in learning, which affected their learning outcomes. Studies reported that during the online learning students reported to be demotivated, showed enhanced procrastination on completing tasks, and less encountered on social aspects in their academic trajectories. This situation might give negative impacts to subsequent learning processes in the post pandemic era. There have been factors that might influence students’ learning processes, particularly in the post pandemic era, both from internal and external aspect. The objective of the current article would be on tapping factors influencing students’ academic achievements, particularly on the internal psychological factors of the students. Methods: The current study used a literature review by selecting related articles using keywords: self-regulated learning, self-efficacy, academic achievement, impact of COVID-19. Literatures were searched through several online platforms. Results: Literatures being reviewed revealed evidence the impact of self-regulated learning as well as self-efficacy to students’ learning processes, which in turn influenced their academic achievements. These factors were found to be robust factors that may help students to (re)adapt to normal learning processes after the pandemic COVID-19 has subsided. Conclusions: The current study suggested that enhancing students’ self-regulated learning and self-efficacy would be the key roles on helping them cope with barriers in their academic trajectories particularly in the after-pandemic COVID-19.
Copyright (c) 2024 Zuhrotul Ulya, Luci Hernawati, Augustina Sulastri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Role of Resilience on Academic Stress Levels Among College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic
During the COVID-19 pandemic all lecture activities were carried out online or mix method. All the assignments and daily activities can be an academic stressor for college students, so resilience is needed for college students in order to deal with it. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of resilience on academic stress level among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was hypothesized that resilience plays a role in academic stress level in college students. This research using quantitative method. This research was conducted using a survey method by distributing online questionnaires. The number of participants consisted of 205 college students who took online learning for at least one semester.
Copyright (c) 2024 Chilla Zahra Ma'rifati, Edilburga Wulan Saptandari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Role of Transformational Leadership on Readiness for Change in Academic Staff University in Facing Higher Educational Governance Changes
Purpose: The development of technology in various aspects of life nowadays especially education forces organizations to adapt. Higher educational governance change is a policy that exists as a step to make universities more autonomous. This program will make many changes to the main tasks of academic staff, and it requires readiness for change. One of the aspects that influence individuals’ readiness for change is transformational leadership. Transformational leadership will encourage employees to make change initiatives. This study aims to determine the role of transformational leadership on readiness for change in academic staff universities facing higher educational governance change. Method: Quantitative research involving 254 academic staff participants using simple random sampling to collect the data. The data were analyzed using simple regression. Result: The results finding transformational leadership has a positive and significant correlation to readiness of academic staff to change. Conclusion: Transformational leadership takes a role in readiness for change, so it needs to be considered to prepare academic staff in facing changes.
Copyright (c) 2024 Neka Erlyani, Rahkman Ardi, Fendy Suhariadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Reflection on The End of The Covid-19 Pandemic: The Role of Social-Emotional and Character Development on Students’ Academic Grit
This study aims to explain socio-emotional development and identify factors influencing students' academic grit towards the end of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using multiple linear regression analysis, the research involved 232 high school students who had resumed face-to-face learning. Data was collected online in the school’s computer lab using the Social-Emotional and Character Development Scale (SECDS, α = 0.880) and the Academic Grit Scale (AGS, α = 0.861). Results showed that socio-emotional and character development collectively impact academic grit. Hypothesis testing indicated that prosocial behavior, self-control, and respect at home did not significantly affect academic grit. However, factors such as honesty, self-development, and respect at school were significant contributors. These findings highlight the importance of socio-emotional traits in fostering academic perseverance as students transition back to normal schooling. Applying the SECD concept in academic settings may help reduce risky behavior in middle school students. Early identification of academic grit levels is crucial for promoting resilience and academic success. This research provides new insights into how socio-emotional development and character traits can support students' academic grit during challenging periods.
Copyright (c) 2024 Purnama Miftaqhul Risqi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Parenting Stress on Working Mothers with Online School Children
Background: This study aims to determine the parenting stress of working mothers in assisting elementary school children during school from home, based on Deater-Deckard's (2004) theory. Method: This is qualitative research with an intrinsic case study approach. The data was conducted through semi-structured interviews involving three working mothers. Result: The results showed that the causes of parenting stress experienced by working mothers come from parents, children, parent-child relations, and family-culture-community domain. The parent domain consists of the mother's impatience, being overwhelmed by the schoolwork and workload, and difficulty in delivering the materials. The children's domain consists of children who prefer to play, have less initiative in learning, woke up late, and have difficulty concentrating. The relation domain consists of children that become more spoiled and children's behavior that triggers the mothers’ anger. The family-culture-community domain consists of the mother's role as the dominant one in assisting the children. Finally, reactions follow in the form of emotional, cognitive, and physiological. The physiological reactions expressed by hitting, screaming, and disconnecting the WiFi. Emotional reactions expressed by anger and annoyance. And the cognitive reactions experienced were believing that children would watch inappropriate content. Conclusion: The work environment was not found to complicate the role of working mothers.
Copyright (c) 2024 Hermin Nurbaity Asri, Nadia Farahmita, Nuzla Aimmatu Rasyida, Najway Azka Ar-Robbaniy, Galuh Mawarani, Rudi Cahyono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Students Engagement Analysis in Indonesia and Malaysia
This study aims to identify and describe the level of involvement of students in Indonesia and Malaysia in the conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic based on gender, age, educational level, learning facilities, father's and mother's last education. The research design used a descriptive quantitative method, with samples of junior and senior high school students in Indonesia and Malaysia selected using a convenience sampling technique. The research samples taken were 979 Indonesian students and 89 Malaysian students. Indonesian students consisted of 399 junior high school students and 578 high school students, while Malaysian students consisted of 48 junior high school students and 41 high school students. Data was collected using the Student Engagement Instrument–E (SEI-E) from Appleton, et al (2019) with a reliability of 0.99. The results of the study show that student engagement in Indonesia and Malaysia has the highest percentage in the high category compared to the low. The results of the different test analysis show that there are differences in the level of involvement of junior and senior high school students in Indonesia and Malaysia. The engagement rate of junior high school students is higher than that of senior high school students in Indonesia and Malaysia. Meanwhile, there was no difference between student involvement based on gender, age, learning facilities, father's and mother's last education in Indonesia and Malaysia.
Copyright (c) 2024 Kholifatul Amer Jannah, Firda Syafriyanti, Tina Hayati Dahlan, Anne Hafina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Self-Compassion as Coping Stress in Final Year Postgraduate Students: Literature Review
Starting from the background and various activities as well as the pressure to complete the thesis is the cause of stress. Stress is a very general and subjective thing. However, stress cannot be seen as a simple problem when stress cannot be overcome and can result in depression. Therefore, a stress-coping mechanism is needed. The coping stress mechanism is divided into two, namely emotional and problem. Most individuals when using emotional stress coping are still considered inappropriate. Therefore, one alternative to help the effectiveness of coping with emotional stress is to use self-compassion. This literature review analyzed various self-compassion papers that act as coping stress in postgraduate students. The results found that the concept of self-compassion is being kind to oneself when things go wrong and has been associated with positive outcomes along with the coping strategies that appear to be most beneficial. Self-compassion involves feelings of concern and kindness towards oneself in the face of personal suffering and involves acknowledging that one's suffering, failures and shortcomings are part of the human condition. 1) Expanding sharing and understanding of oneself rather than harsh criticism and self-assessment. 2) Seeing one's experience as part of a larger humanity than separating and isolating oneself. 3) Holding painful thoughts and feelings in awareness rather than over-identifying. Conclusion Self-compassion can improve stress by reducing coping that encourages negative emotional responses to stressors. Individuals who have self-compassion can assess stressors by not using negative, threatening perspectives, and involving themselves in negative evaluations of themselves.
Copyright (c) 2024 Anindita Nurmala Dewi, Nandang Budiman, Hani Yulindrasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Developing Psychophysical Measurement of Working Memory
This experimental research aims to develop a valid and reliable working memory measurement instrument based on psychophysical and computerized characteristics. The authors developed a measuring instrument for working memory capacity, including speed, space or capacity, and energy measurements. We used the Opensesame application from Cogsci.nl to develop a measurement instrument with a paradigm based on the conceptual definition of working memory capacity, such as: speed, space or capacity, and energy. The samples in this study are determined by using the Disproportionate Stratified Random Sampling technique, to obtain a representative sample based on different strata of academic qualification levels. This research involved 93 undergraduate students as the respondents. The Rasch analysis shows the reliability coefficient of the test items is 0.9066 and 0.9295 for the person reliability coefficient, this indicates that the items in the test are reliable. The number of strata as an index of item variation in this measuring instrument also shows a coefficient of 4.4870 at the item level and 5.1743 at the person level, which meets the criteria for a good variation index. On the other hand, Item Response Theory analysis shows the mean value of parameter-a or item discrimination level about 0.210, while the average value of parameter-b or item difficulty level is -1.32 with medium difficulty category.
Copyright (c) 2024 Isman Rahmani Yusron, Anggi Anggraeni, Zulmi Ramdani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Student Well-Being in the Learning Process During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Elementary Schools
The COVID-19 pandemic has altered the educational systems of Indonesia and other countries. Distance learning and limited face-to-face learning educational methods must be adapted to be successful. Students experience internal and external effects from this online learning process. The influence of this pandemic learning was experienced at all educational levels. The study aims to examine the experiences of primary school students and determine their degree of wellbeing throughout the learning process during the pandemic. As part of positive psychology, student wellbeing focuses on students' positive thinking skills, which correspond to the PROSPER dimension (Positiveness, Relationships, Outcomes, Strengths, Purpose, Engagement, and Resilience). Five respondents participated in in-depth interviews conducted using a qualitative methodology and phenomenological research design. Respondents for this study were primary school students in grades 2 through 6 who were randomly sampled at each grade level. The findings of the study indicate that students' online learning experiences include 1) parental assistance in the form of mentorship and other learning facilities. 2) There is a wellbeing in online learning, with the most influential dimensions of resilience manifesting as microsystems, mesosystems, exosystems, macrosystems, and chronosystems.
Copyright (c) 2024 Dian Rahmayanti, Juntika Nurihsan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Validation Student Well Being’s Scale for College Students
Research related to well-being is continuously developing. The construct of well-being in the realm of positive psychology is quite developed, including authentic happiness or happiness, psychological well-being, subjective well-being, or student well-being. student well-being, refers to the ability of students to align demands from within and from the environment which is characterized by positive affect or feelings. This study aims to develop a measuring tool for student well-being, especially for college students. The method used is to validate the measuring instrument using content validity and construct validity which aims to ensure that the measuring instrument is in accordance with its measuring objectives. Reliability analysis is also a part of the measurement of the research instrument so that it can be used from time to time. The student well-being scale is built based on 6 dimensions, namely social, emotional, personal, physical, cognitive, and spiritual dimensions. Based on the validation results found 20 valid items with a reliability coefficient of 0.862. Where, the social dimension has a more dominant variation contribution compared to other dimensions in building student well-being.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ditta Febrieta, Sarita Candra Merida https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Bullying During the Orientation Program: A Literature Review
Abstract: Universities’ freshmen orientation programs have been aiming to introduce the higher education systems, campus environments, and create the means of friendships’ formation among a certain cohort of freshmen. After the spread of the virus has subsided significantly, universities were able to commence the onsite orientation programs, which was, unfortunately, leading to the emergence of bullying cases. The latter incidence was seen by the senior college students as mental shaping for freshmen, although it turned out to be a form of bullying during the onsite orientation program. The objective of this article is to investigate and further describe factors influencing bullying that occurs during the orientation programs and prevention programs pertaining to the problem. The method used in this research was literature review using keywords: bullying, campus life, freshmen, and orientation program. The study reveals a pattern of strong power relations between dominating superiors and weak subordinates. Personality characteristics, family and campus climate are factors that influence bullying to occur. Universities as the organizers of the orientation program must ensure that the strategy, planning, and orientation objectives align with the executing committee who takes on the role of companion freshmen. Social support for freshmen is needed, in the form of suitable programs, to undergo the adaptation and transition process.
Copyright (c) 2024 Margaretta Puspa Wijayanti, Rachmad Djati Winarno, Augustina Sulastri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between Gratefulness and Psychological Distress on the Quality of Life of Juvenile Offenders During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Purpose: The study aims to examine the relationship between gratitude and psychological distress to the quality of life of juvenile offenders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: The Gratitude Questionnaire-Six Aitem Form (6 items, α = 89.1), Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale – 21 (21 items, α = 88.9), and WHOQOL-BREF (26 items, α = 87.5) were administered to fifty-nine juvenile offenders from Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak (LPKA) Kutoarjo and LPKA Yogyakarta. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Result: A significant regression equation showed that gratitude and psychological distress were associated with quality of life (F (2.56) = 9.949, p < .01), with an R2 .262. In detail, gratitude was associated with a positive quality of life. (t (58) = 4.170, p < .01), meanwhile, experiencing psychological distress does not provide any meaningful association with the juvenile's quality of life (t (58) = -1.411, p> .01). In addition, there were no differences in all additional statistical tests based on age group, education level, and ethnicity. Conclusions: These new findings highlight how juveniles' quality of life can be improved by involving gratitude during hardship, specifically during a pandemic. Future research can examine gratitude intervention programs as part of rehabilitation programs in prison to improve the juvenile's quality of life in the new standard era.
Copyright (c) 2024 Dian Veronika Sakti Kaloeti, Hastaning Sakti, Niken Fatimah Nur Hayati, Suparno, Jamilatu Istiyah, Annisa Puti Kusnadi, Edwin Rosario Riyantono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Meta Analysis on Perceived Social Support and Internet Addiction
The increasing use of the internet in everyday life as a consequence of the development of information technology was unavoidable. One of the consequences of the increase in internet use was the emergence of excessive internet use or what was known as internet addiction. This study wanted to see the correlation between internet addiction and perceived social support by testing the product moment correlation results from 11 journals that examine related topics with a total sample of 16,513 respondents. Statistical test showed a medium effect size correlation of r = -0.301 (95% CI between -0.392 - -0.211) thus indicating that perceived social support is not a strong predictor (medium effect size) of internet addiction. There was publication bias that can be seen from the Eiger's Publication Bias value of p = 0.033. The implication of this research was about the necessity to conduct research involving other factors that may establish internet addiction. This was due to perceived social support was not yet a strong predictor of internet addiction, so it was necessary to investigate whether there were other factors, both external and internal to individuals, that could be strong predictors for the formation of internet addiction behavior.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ade Septian, Ananta Yudiarso https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Expressive Art Therapy for Survivors of Sexual Violence
Women survivors of sexual violence experience several psychological problems, such as anxiety, suicidal ideation, low self-esteem, sexual problems, and depression. The most typical problem that occurs in most survivors of sexual violence is low self-esteem. Expressive art therapy is a therapy that can be used to improve individual self-esteem. This study aims to see the effectiveness of expressive art therapy in increasing the self-esteem of women survivors of sexual violence. This type of research is an experiment with a single subject research design. The subjects used were three women survivors of sexual violence. The measuring instrument used to evaluate is the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale with 10 items that measures self-esteem globally. Data analysis used visual analysis, inferential analysis, and effectiveness test. The results showed that expressive art therapy was effective in increasing the self-esteem of women survivors of sexual violence. There is an increase in scores in the intervention phase as well as an increasing trend line trend in the intervention phase. The level of change in the intervention phase is higher than the baseline phase where the score is plus (+) which indicates an increase in the subject's self-esteem score.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ida Ayu Ketut Julya Arcani, Ike Herdiana, Ika Yuniar Cahyanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Adoption of Online Social Support Scale in Indonesian Text-Based Online Counseling Context
Social support can be received online through text-based online counseling (TBOC) provided by trained yet non-professional volunteers. The growing popularity of peer TBOC in Indonesia raises question whether the service really provides social support. Adopting Online Social Support Scale (OSSS) in Indonesian Text-Based Online Counselling context could bridge this question through proper measurements. OSSS was translated into Bahasa Indonesia, then adopted by adjusting the wordings to fit the context of peer TBOC. Content validity of the adopted scale is assured through Content Validity Index, scored by four licensed psychologists who offers text-based psychological services. Criterion validity and scale reliability were assured by distributing the scale through convenient sampling targeting participants who have used peer TBOC services. The adopted version of OSSS showed good validity and reliability, and therefore can be used to measure the degree of online social support received through peer TBOC services.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ernestine Oktaviana Yuniswara, Rahkman Ardi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Middle Manager of Mining Company: Organizational Culture and Organizational Citizenship Behavior
Coal mining company supervisors are expected to be able to implement Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) optimally so that employee performance can be more optimal and the company is more advanced. However, this company at the Middle Manager level has yet to show optimal OCB. For example, they tend to prioritize the interests of their divisions, have poor coordination, and have individualism. One of the triggers that can optimize OCB is organizational culture. So, this study was conducted to examine the extent of the relationship between organizational culture and OCB. The results showed that organizational culture had a positive role in OCB, so the increasing organizational culture, the greater the OCB of employees
Copyright (c) 2024 Shanty Komalasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Student’s Social Support for Victims of Sexual Violence
News about case of sexual violence that occur in the community is increasingly popping up in various settings even in educational institutions. Students as agents of change are expected to be able to take steps by providing adequate support or information when hearing stories from victims of sexual violence in the community. But in fact, adequate support isn’t easy to be given. This study aims to see the description of the social support that students have given to victims of sexual violence. This study is a qualitative descriptive study in which data collection was carried out by distributing an open-ended questionnaire. Research respondents are students who have heard direct stories from victims of sexual violence and were collected by purposive sampling. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. The results of this study describe the process of social support given, namely: 1. psychological response after hearing the story that consists of emotion and behaviour response; 2. types of social support; 3. contradiction between psychological response and type of social support given that make indication of unsupportive social support. The results of this study can be used as a recommendation to provide interventions for students in an effort to support victims who are dealing with sexual violence in the community.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ni Luh Indah Desira Swandi, Nahya Qisthi Buchari, Made Padma Dewi Bajirani, B. Primandini Yunanda Harumi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Positive Psychology and Post Truth: Alleviating the Non-Clinical Impact of the Pandemic
This study explores the non-clinical impact of the post-pandemic era on adolescents, specifically the post-truth phenomenon and mitigation mechanisms. Post-truth refers to an era characterized by truth distortion, emerging from widespread mistrust and misinformation during the pandemic. This skepticism persisted post-pandemic, affecting how teenagers process information and influencing their cognitive behaviors. A positive psychological approach is proposed to reconnect rational truth and conscience, fostering appropriate thinking behaviors after the pandemic. Employing qualitative methods with a phenomenological design, the study encompasses fieldwork, literature review, data analysis, and results presentation. The data spans research findings from 2019-2022 indexed in SINTA and Scopus, supplemented by the author’s observations from online and offline media, as well as discussions with relevant informants. Findings indicate that positive psychology can guide adolescents toward maintaining rationality and conscience, encouraging adaptive behavior, appropriate emotional responses, and critical thinking amid post-truth challenges. The study underscores the need for further research into positive psychological interventions that can effectively reduce post-pandemic non-clinical impacts across age groups. This approach aims to enhance teenagers' resilience, promoting sound judgment and adaptive cognitive practices in uncertain informational landscapes.
Copyright (c) 2024 Nanda Alfan Kurniawan, Ratih Christiana, Husni Hanafi, Randy Saputra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Adaptive Leadership Scale (Skala Kepemimpinan Adaptif) Construction for Leaders in Indonesia
The workforce is becoming more diversified, with four to five different generations working together. Indonesia's workforce nowadays contains 16 to 69 years old. There will be new challenges brought on by this variety, notably in terms of leadership skills. Leaders must be able to adapt and change their leadership style based on employee characteristics. However, no currently available leadership scale can identify an adaptive and flexible leader. Thus, an adaptive leadership scale is needed to address this issue. Adaptive Leadership Scale consists of 8 dimensions with 66 items using a Likert scale of 1 (totally different from me,) to 5 (very much like me). It was tested on 124 participants aged 22 to 54 years consisting of 63 male participants (M-age=30.3) and 61 female participants (M-age=29.5) who are leaders at various leadership levels and occupations. This paper described the preliminary validity and reliability test results of this scale. The results show that the Skala Kepemimpinan Adaptif is reliable (a = 0.955) and valid (CrIT = 0.203 - 0.613). In conclusion, the Skala Kepemimpinan Adaptif can be used to assess the adaptability of Indonesian leaders in their leadership. Discussion, implications, and suggestions are included.
Copyright (c) 2024 Shahnaz Safitri, Brendha Christie Tanujaya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Impact of Implementation of The Work from Home on The Quality of Human Resources Post-COVID-19 Pandemic
Many companies have used a work-from-home system. Additionally, 53% of those surveyed said remote working will be made permanently available to all employees by 2025. The research aims to determine the impact of implementing work from home during the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of human resources. This research will use a quantitative approach with a one-shot case study research design. This study will take a sample of 100 people who work from home from various companies. Data retrieval is done by distributing online questionnaires. In taking the sample, this research uses non-probability sampling with a quota sampling technique. Specific criteria for the sample used are workers who use the work-from-home system. Furthermore, data testing will use SPSS 26 statistical program method. Referring to the data testing using the SPSS 26 Statistics Program, it obtained a t-value of 5,626, greater than the t-Table score (1.98447). Referring to the results of SPSS data testing, it can be concluded that the implementation of the work-from-home system has a positive influence on the quality of human resources.
Copyright (c) 2024 Adhitya Bagus Witcaksana, Miftakhul Nuuril Azizah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
General Intelligence and Emotional Intelligence Factors in Women’s Leadership Ability in Facing Crisis: A Literature Review
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the exceptional leadership of female government leaders during a global crisis. Yet, women continue to face significant barriers to achieving leadership positions, often due to discriminatory stereotypes. One persistent stigma is the belief that women possess lower general intelligence compared to men. Additionally, women are frequently perceived as emotionally unstable, lacking the emotional intelligence necessary for effective leadership. These biases, which favor men, contribute to their greater trust as leaders. The paper aimed to critically examine the validity of these gender-based stereotypes regarding general and emotional intelligence in leadership. A systematic literature review was conducted, utilizing keywords such as "general intelligence," "emotional intelligence," and "women leadership" within a timeframe of 2012 to 2022. Databases including DOAJ, JSTOR, MDPI, Springer, APA, and Taylor & Francis were searched for relevant studies. Research findings consistently indicate no significant gender differences in general intelligence. Furthermore, variations in amygdala function, a brain region associated with emotional intelligence, were not attributed to gender but rather to age. This study underscores the leadership potential of women and challenges the discriminatory stereotypes that have historically hindered their advancement.
Copyright (c) 2024 Yunita Sri Handayani, Alphonsus Rachmad Djati Winarno, Augustina Sulastri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Construction and Psychometric Properties Identification of Brand Image
The Purpose of research is to construct of measurement that can provide a description of something that needs to be done actually. Likewise, to measure whether a product had been able to market with the right strategy. The other words, this research to construct a scale of brand image with psychometric properties identification. The research method uses a quantitative approach, with three stages of research that can be done. First, The basic concepts theoretically. Second, Research instruments and data collection. Third, test validation. The sampling technique in this study used purposive sampling, with 689 respondents. Construction of brand image using an ordinal scale from Likert. The results found a brand image scale that was applied directly to measure the brand image of a product that had adequate validity and reliability so that it could be used to measure the level of the brand image of a product. The findings of this study are the brand image scale which has implications that can be used as a measure of brand image for all products. Besides that, to improve the marketing of these products and read opportunities to improve marketing in the future.
Copyright (c) 2024 Netty Herawati, Rahmi Kusuma Dewi, Risma Mahesti, Uswatun Hasanah, Nailur Rohmah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Relationship Between Stress and Emotional Eating in First-year Students
This study aimed to examine the relationship between stress and emotional eating in first year university students. The first-year university students, commonly adolescents, often face distress which could trigger emotional eating. There are several negative effects of emotional eating including obesity, depression, and eating disorders. The study was conducted among 195 students (M = 18.6). The Indonesian version of the student-Life Stress Inventory and the Indonesian version of the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire were used. The study indicated that there was a positive relationship between stress and emotional eating (r = 0.317, p < 0.001). Therefore, a good stress management skill is necessary to overcome the negative effects of stress and avoid emotional eating among the first-year students.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ilena Dwika Musyafira, Triana Kesuma Dewi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Academic Stress of High School Students in Online Learning During the Covid-19 Pandemic Based on Demographic Factors
This research aims to identify academic stress in high school students based on demographic factors. The general purpose of this research is to get a picture of academic stress experienced by students in Indonesia. While the specific purpose of this research is to (1) describe the academic stress experienced by teenagers, (2) compare the academic stress of students based on demographic factors (Gender and academic level).This research is a quantitative research with a comparative research type. The population in this research is middle school and high school students in East Java with a sample of 354 students. Data analysis was done with descriptive analysis and ANOVA, through the SPSS program. The results of the research show that the number of subjects who have low academic stress is 13.3%, then in the medium category is 73.2% and the high category is 13.6%. The results of the hypothesis test show that 1) there is no difference in academic stress based on Gender, F value 0.212 and significance 0.645, 2) there is a difference in academic stress based on education level, F value 18.176 significance 0.000 3) there is no difference in academic stress based on gender and Education level, F value 0.020 significance 0.888.
Copyright (c) 2024 Endah Mastuti, Atika Dian Ariana, Dewi Syarifah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Exploration of Teenager Problem in Islamic Boarding School After COVID-19 Pandemic
Pandemic of COVID-19 in Indonesia has impacted a lot of aspects of life including Islamic boarding schools. Students were usually living and doing activities together starting from a process of learning, free hours, until sleep time. Since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has required a social distancing policy that was aimed to minimize transmission, the students must be returned to their homes for a long time. This policy was valid until a decision that they were allowed to be back at the boarding school was issued. The return of students would definitely need a new adaptation for both male and female students. The problem of teenagers was usually related to their relationship with peers. But, the different conditions of post-pandemic COVID-19 might allow for a different kind of problem. The aim of this research was to explore student problems after the pandemic of COVID-19. This research type was a qualitative study which exerted a phenomenological approach. The research subjects were about 40 male and female students who were selected based on a purposive sampling technique. The criterion of sampling was the student who encountered problems during the process of learning either in formal or informal education. The result of the data analysis referred to a different theme of problems between male and female students. In the male students, the problem which commonly appeared was not only related to the relationship with peers but also adaptation to daily activities. For instance, students had difficulty managing between sleep time and study hours, therefore the male students admitted that they often felt out of focus and sleepy in class. Meanwhile, female students found difficulties in understanding and accepting their peers and conflict among peers for making new friends or misunderstandings among friends.
Copyright (c) 2024 Siti Mahmudah, Fuji Astutik, Elok Faiz Fatma El Fahmi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Problems Identification and Efforts of Inclusive Elementary Schools in Service Improvement: An Integrative Literature Review
Inclusive education is a form of government attention to students, especially children with special needs/Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus (ABK). Every child is given the same opportunity to get a proper education. However, there are still inclusive school institutions that have obstacles in their services. The purpose of this literature study is to provide an overview of the obstacles and efforts of elementary school institutions in improving services for children with special needs (ABK). This study uses an integrative literature review method. The literature is in the form of publications collected from the Garuda and web of science database in the period 2012-2022. The keywords used are "children with special needs" and "inclusive schools". From the keywords, 98 articles were obtained which were then screened, 13 articles were selected. The results of the review article revealed that the obstacles that are often encountered are limited special teachers and infrastructure, the difficulty of children with special needs receiving learning, and teachers' understanding. Then, the efforts are modifying curriculum, doing the workshop for teachers and students parents, improving teacher competence, using fun methods and media, repeating learning materials, and providing understanding to students who are not special needs to receive their special friends. The problem of inclusive problem that dominates are the lack of infrastructure and understanding of teachers in dealing with children with special needs, while efforts that can be made include increasing the understanding of school residents towards children with special needs and using various learning methods.
Copyright (c) 2024 Bening Siti Muntamah, Nur Ainy Fardana Nawangsari, Nono Hery Yoenanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Development of Instrument to Assess Mathematics Learning Result in 2nd Grade Elementary School
This study aims to determine the quality of the 2nd grade elementary school mathematics learning result test instrument from a cognitive perspective. The study was conducted of 33 students at Cita Hati School, Surabaya. This type of research was quantitative descriptive based on reliability, discriminating power, level of difficulty and effectiveness of distractors. Data collection was carried out by online during the Covid-19 pandemic. Development of the instrument starts from curriculum analysis based on Week 3 Lesson Plan owned by SD Cita Hati. Blueprint was prepared which refers to Bloom's taxonomy theory. The validity technique used content validity by two assessment experts. The results showed that instrument is a fairly stable and reliable with = 0.561. The discriminatory power showed 13 items have very good discriminating power and 3 items have good discriminating power and 11 items have poor power. The level of difficulty in all items were easy to very easy category. The results of the analysis based on effectiveness of distractors indicated most of the questions don’t work as a good distractors, thus making the distractors work better than the answer keys.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ilena Dwika Musyafira, Aryani Tri Wrastari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Predictor of Mental Health Among Survivors of Sexual Violence: The Role of Religiosity Factors
This study examined the role of religiosity factors in mental health, in which religiosity is expected as one of important predictor that affect mental health. Therefore, this study was expected to: 1) examined the influence of religiosity factors in improving mental health, and 2) explored one of the central issues concerning the role of religiosity in individual condition with its relationship to mental health. This study used quantitative method with survey to 47 survivors of sexual violence whom specifically experienced sexual violence by their partners in the context of intimate relationships. Collecting data was used mental health scale (GHQ-12) and religiosity scale (Religiosity Questionnaire). Data analysis used regression analysis technique to examine the relationship between religiosity and mental health. The results of this study showed that religiosity factors affected mental health state of the survivors through positive correlation between religiosity and mental health. Religiosity was positively correlated with mental health (r = 0.37; p > 0.01; BCA 95%, CI [0.47; 0.28], and religiosity was able to predict mental health improvement (t = 5.46; B = 0.27; P < 0.01; BCA 95% CI [0.23; 0.05]). Thus, implication of these findings are important to build an understanding the predictor of mental health in terms of religiosity both theoretically and practically. Moreover, it can be widely applied by therapist, counselor, health practitioner, and community to improve mental health through intervention in charged with religiosity.
Copyright (c) 2024 Tiara Diah Sosialita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Factors Influencing Personal Growth Initiative in Athletes With Disabilities (Para-Athletes): Scoping Review
Although a lot of evidence has emerged from previous research studies showing that athletes with disabilities (Para-Athletes) do not have too many differences with non-disabled athletes in the aspects of social, emotional development, and personality characteristics. However, several limited studies show that Para-Athletes are still treated differently and receive treatment such as discrimination, difficult or limited access, isolation, and socio-economic problems. Para-athletes need no pity from those gifted with perfection. They want equal opportunities to compete and focus on developing their potential. This systematic review aims to synthesize the factors that influence the Para-Athlete personal growth initiative in Indonesia. We followed and used a protocol of selected reporting items for the PRISMA systematic review. Database regarding PGI in Para-Athletes searched. In total, 25 studies that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed in this study. After completing the thematic analysis of existing studies, it was found that the existing factors in athletes such as attitude, self-acceptance, willingness to change, formation of self-esteem/self-concept, and self-determination influence PGI. Several other factors emerge as having more complex influences, namely meaningfulness and life satisfaction, as well as psychological well-being. This illustrates that PGI emerges as a factor supporting the success of para-athletes in life and careers as athletes. Several recommendations from the systematic review report emerged as material for consideration for use in further research.
Copyright (c) 2024 Afif Kurniawan, Suryanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0